Machine for turning irregular objects.



.No. 882,632. PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0O'l.21, 1907.

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No. 882,632. I PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.21.1907.

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wzeaoean' MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.21. 1907.

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No. 882,632. PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJEOTS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK HANSES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO HENRY P.DECKER, ONE-FOURTH TO FILLMORE DECKER, AND ONE-FOURTH TO ROYAL A.EASTMAN, OF

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 24, 1908.

Application filed filed October-21, 1907. Serial No. 398,380.

To all whom it rriay concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK HANSES, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, countyof Cook, State of Illinois, have invented acertain new and useful Improvement in Machines for Turning Irregular()bjects; and declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the artto which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to lathes for forming objects having irregularshapes and it has for its primary 0 ject to improve the construction andmode of operation of such lathes.

In machines of this character as heretofore constructed it is customaryto rotate the blank which is to be operated upon and at the same timeearly the blank toward and into engagementwith a cutter rotating aboutan axis parallel with the axis of rotation of the blank. There is atendency on the part of the cutter to draw the blank toward it so as tomake a deeper out than is intended.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a machinewherein this tendency on the part of the cutter to enter too dee ly intothe material of the blank is entire y obviated. -Furthermore, in the oldform of machines, great difficulty is experienced in reproducing exactlyan irregular outline and it is impossible to reproduce such an outlineif it contains fairly sharp curves or turns.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a machinewherein an outline may be exactly reproduced notwithstanding that theremay be portions which have comparatively short radii of curvature.

l A further object of my invention is to provide a novel and eflicientcutter-head.

In carrying out my invention I make use of a cutter-head which rotates,not on an axis parallel with the axis of rotation of the blank which isoperated upon, but upon an axis which is at right an les to the axis ofrota tion of the blank. The only pull which,the tool can exert upon theblank to draw it toward the tool is therefore inthe direction V parallelwith the axis of the Work and, since the work may be firmly supported inthe axial direction there'is no danger of distorting the outline even tothe smallest degree.

The tool, which preferably has cutting edges both on the end and thesides thereof, may be given as small a diameter as is desirable and thenose thereof may be rounded or given any other desired shape, so that anoutline having comparatively sharp curves may be accurately reproduced.I prefer to use in conjunction with my improved cutter a small guidewheel for engaging with the pattern and, by shaping the nose of thecutter to conform to the contact surface of theguide wheel measuredaxially thereof the pattern may be reproduced with absolute accuracyfrom the blank.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention will bepointed out with'particularity in the appended claims, but for a fullunderstanding of my invention in its various aspects, reference may behad to the followin detailed description taken in connection wit 1 theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 and Fig. 2 are res ectively a front and a side elevation of amac ine arranged in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 3

is a plan View of the carriage on' whicharemounted the guide wheel andthe cutter-head Fig. 4 is a front view of the carriage shown in Fig. 3;Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a sectiontaken on line 6 6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the 1min themain an ordinary last-turning lathe which .has been modified so as toincorporate therein a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Itwill, of course, be understood, however, that my invention is notlimited to the particular type of machine' illustrated or even tolast-turning machines, since my invention may be used to advantage whereever it is desired to reproduce any irregular outline.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the stationary'frame of themachine, and B is a suitable carriage slidably mounted upon the Ways A.The carriage may take any de- 7; Fig. 10 is a sec- 90 centers F.

sired form, as for exampleit may consist of the two members B and B Onthe carrlage is sup orted a forked arm 0 carrying within the ork thereofa guide wheel 0 of' small diameter. The guide wheel is journaled withinthe fork so as to rotate about an axis parallel with the direction ofmovement of the carriage u on the bed of the machine. Mounted upon t eother end of the carriage 1s the cutting tool D, it being carried uponthe end of a shaft dwhich is revolubly supported in a pair of bearings bb so as to rotate about an axis at right angles to the axis -tions of across-section taken through the guide wheel on a plane containing theaxis. It will be seen that the guide wheel maybe made as small indiameter and as thin as may be desired, the cutter, of course, being ineach.

instance so shaped as to maintain the desired relation to the guidewheel.

E is a swinging frame having two sets of centers F and F respectively.The-pattern, which in the illustration is shown as a finished last G, isplaced on the centers F. The blank G which is to be transformed into alast similar to the-pattermis placed on the the machine that the patternis normally held against the guide wheel. The several sets of centersare rotated at the same rate of speed in any suitable manner. Thus acounter-shaft 6 may be provided with pinions e and 6 respectively whichmesh with gear wheels e and e carried respectively by the centersf andf. The counter-shaft may be driven by means of a belt e which passesover a pulley a revolubly supported upon the frame of the machine andconnected to a pulley at. The ulley a may be driven by means of a be t apassing over a pulley a carried by a counter-shaft a which is revolublysupported upon the frame of the machine. means of a belt a which passesover pulleys a and a carried respectively by the shaft a and the maindriving shaft H.

It Will be seen upon rotating the main shaft one of the centers of eachset will be rotated and the pattern and the blank will each be rotatedwith its respective center. The cutter, which is necessarily revolved ata high rate of speed, is preferably driven directly from the main shaftby means of a belt .71. which passes over a pulley (Z secured to theshaft (1 between the bearings b b and a pulley h on the main shaft. Thepulley h is splined upon the main shaft and its position axially Theframe is so positioned upon The counter-shaft a is driven by of theshaft is controlled by means of a bracket 6 which depends from,thecarriage B and causes the pulley 71 to travel axially at the same rateof speed as the carriage during the feeding of the carriage across themachine order that the guide wheel may engage with every part of thesurface of the pattern as the pattern is revolved.

The carriage may conveniently be driven by means of aworm shaft I whichhas a worm i meshing with a worm wheel 1?. The motion of the worm wheelmay be transmitted \to the carriage in any desired manner, as by meansof a rack and pinion device It. The worm shaft I may conveniently bedriven by means of a belt i which passes over a pulley '5 carried by theworm shaft and a pulley i carried upon a counter-shaft The counter-shafti is in turn driven from the counter-shaft a by means of a belt i whichpasses over cone pulleys t and i mounted respectively on the shafts iand (1 The speed at which the carriage is fed may be varied by shiftingthe position of the belt i upon the cone pulleys without affecting theoperation of the remainder of the machine.

In operation the carriage isi'adjusted so as to bring the guide wheelinto engagement with the center at the right hand end of the pattern.The parts are so proportioned that the cutter is now located just beyondthe right hand end of the blank. When power is applied to the main shaftthe pattern and blank are rotated slowly, the cutter is revolved at ahigh rate of speed, and the carriage is slowly fed toward the left. Asthe cutter approaches the end of the blank it .begins its out andremoves the material from the blank to a depth which is determined bythe guide wheel and the pattern for the reason that the swinging frameis oscillated through the engagement of the pattern withthe guide wheel.Since the guide wheel is small in diameter and has its contact surfacecurved in the direction of the axis it is capable of following everycurve in the last.

and therefore of positioning the blank with respect to the cutter sothat the cutter may accurately reproduce the outline of the. pat tern inthe blank. By reason of the peculiar shape of the cutter and theposition of its axis of rotation the accuracy of the reproduction islimited only by the capacity of the guide wheel to properly position theswinging frame in answer to variations in the contour of the pattern.

It will be seen that the rotating cutter does not tend to pull the blanktoward itself, but any pulling action which takes place is in thedirectiomof the axis of the blank and, by

making the cutter and its supports sufficiently stiff and securelyholding the centers against axial movement, no distortion of the outlinewhich is reproduced can occur. The

nose of the cutter serves to give a finishing in detail a preferred formof cutter.

cut so as to leave the surface of the work smooth.

Not only is the pattern accurately reproduced, but it is done at a greatsaving, since heretofore it has been necessary to leave considerablestock upon the work in order to provide for subsequent finishing, andbecause it has been necessary to leave the stock somewhatlarge in orderthat the cutter might not gouge beneath what should be the ultimatesurface of the finished devicc. This surplus material has heretoforebeen removed by hand, an operation involving considerable expensewithout giving the accuracy desired.

It is often desired to produce articles of different size from the samepattern and to this end I prefer to support the guide wheel so that itmaybe adjusted above or below its normal position. This will, of course,"ary the are through which theswinging frame is oscillated, and therebyvary the size to which the blank is cut. A convenient means foradjusting the guide wheel consists in pivoting the arm 0 in which it iscarried as at c and providing a segmental slot 0 for receiv ing a bolt 0which passes through the frame member B. It. will be seen that, byloosening the bolt, the supporting arm for the guide wheel may be oscillted upon its pivot until the guide wheel assumes the desired positionand then, by tightening the bolt the wheel is held in such adjustedposition.

In Figs. 7 to 11 inclusive I have illustrated The shaft (1 is preferablyprovided at its end with a head d which has a series of grooves of inits outer periphery. These grooves are adapted to receive the shanks dof the cutting blades. Only two of these cutting blades are shown andtherefore there are only two of the grooves df, but it will of course beunderstood that any desired number of blades may be employed. Each ofthe blades consists of a shell-like member (1 in the shape of a sectionof a cone, the blades being so positioned with respect to the shanksthat when the shanks are secured to the head 6 the blades convergetoward a common center at the-nose of the tool. Each of the blades has acutting edge d at one side thereof and a second cutting ed e d acrossthe tip. The tip of one of the b ades is displaced toward one side ofthe axis of the tool, while the tip of the other blade is displaced tothe same extent on-the opposite side of the axis. In this way ampleclearance is provided between the back edge of one blade and the cuttingedge of the other. The ti of each of the blades is rounded, as indicateso that when the tool is rotated the cutting edges about the nosethereof describe a surface of revolution having the same cross sectionas a section taken through the contact portion of the guide wheel on aplane which passes radially through thewhe'el and contains the axis ofrevolution thereof. In this way the relation between the finishedsurface of the work and the cutter is ke t absolutely the same as therelation at tie same instant between the surface of the pattern and theengaging portion of the guide wheel.

When thcblades of the cutter are sharpened the cutting edges are, ofcourse, ground away slightly, thereby varying the size and shape of thesurface of revolution which the cutting edges trace. Inorder that thissurface of revolution may always be maintained the same I provide meansfor adjusting the blades laterally upon the supporting head in order tocompensate for variation in the cutting edgcs in sharpening the blades.This may be done in various ways: as for example, means may be providedfor shifting the blades laterally independently of each other in orderto displace the tips of the blades more or less as may be desired. Oneof the simplest arrangements for providing such adjustments consists inmaking the grooves d somewhat wider than the shanks of the blades and)roviding the shanks with elongated slots (i through which passes thebolt (1 which secures the blades to the supporting head. As the cuttingedges are worn away the shanks of the blades are shifted laterallywithin the grooves and the blades are then maintained in the desiredpositions by tightening the nut (1 upon the bolt d.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as newand desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

1 In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support,means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axesin alinement with or parallel with each other and at the same rate ofspeed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted adjacent to saidpattern-supportso as to en age with and be rotated by a pattern he (1111 said pattern-support and at the same time move the pattern-supportand the work-support at right angles to their axis of rotation as theradius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and the patternand the axis of the pattern-support varies, a tool mounted for rotationabout an axis at right angles to the axis of the work su port and inosition to act upon a blank he d in the wor -support, and means forrotatin said tool.

2; n a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support,means for r0- tatlng said'work-support and said patternsupports andarranged to engage with a pattern held in said pattern-suppoltso as tomove the pattern-support and the worksupport at right angles to theiraxes of ro tation as the length of the radius from the point of contactbetween the guide wheel and pattern and the axis of the pattern-supportvaries, a tool mounted for rotation about an tern support.

3. In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support,means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axesin alinement with or parallel with each other and at the samerate ofspeed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted with its axis parallel tothe axes of said support and arranged to engage with a pattern held insaid pattern-support so as to move the pattern-support and thework-support at right angles to their axes of rotation as the length ofthe radius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and patternand the axis of the pattern-support varies, a

tool mounted for rotation about an axis at right angles to the axes ofthe work and pattern-supports and in position to engage and act upon ablank held in the work support, means for rotating said tool said toolhaving a cutting edge or edges which describes a surface ofirevolutionwhich, has a cross-section corresponding to a cross-section takenthrough the contact portion of the guide wheel along a plane containingthe axis of the guide Wheel.

"I. In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support,means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axesin alinement with or para allel with eachother and at the same rate ofspeed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted adjacent to saidpattern-support so as to engage with and be rotated by a pattern held insaid pattern-support and at the same time move the pattern-support andthe wor *-support at right angles to their axis of rotation as theradius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and the patternand the axis of the pattern-support varies, a tool mounted for rotationabout an axis at right angles to the axis of the work-v FRANK HAXSES.

'itnesses:

Vii. F. FREXDENREICH, HARRY S. GAITHER.

